Cover image: "Whole Wild World (13)" by Sara Baker Michalak

Gallery 1

The last to remain

Kate Gough

Moon
saying goodbye to the Santa Cruz Mountains

winding up mountain ways this forest
entraps me, its tremendous trees
sharpneedled in the dark
enter my eyes like velcro, fibrously
holding here(suddenly softened)my
heart.

an untouchable, mysterious moon(pure
               O ; the up-lighting essence of new-formed frost,
               wholly outshining her every moody moment)
now sits just above a sea of knife-edged
shadows stretching fruitlessly up,Up,uP
in hopes of one more hello — a melting
rewind, for once

rolling night-waves pass in(above)between
the heavens near and far(untamable,
               charging steeds of almost
               morphically circular
               froth), nothing is sure
anymore.

I will miss these mountains, I find,
more — much more than I thought
possible.

Kate Gough is a Californian writer and artist living in North Wales. She is cloudy, quirky, hopeful, and generally useless at getting her own way — but she is wildly in love with the world, and stokes that love with words. Kate has written and exhibited for newspapers, litmags, galleries, spoken word events, and touring exhibitions around the UK and the USA. Her work can be found in Wild Roof Journal, Peregrine Journal, Kith Review, and Flash Fiction Magazine.

Kay L Cook

Conservation during a time of Self-Preservation

Crisp winter morning air               burns inside your nose,

                pours back out like smoke,

drifts across the thin ice.

                                                                You ignore the signs of the times mounting

                                                                against this white background

because you are in a hurry to fish               to say you’ve been out in Nature

self-appointed                   representing the food chain.

You are armed with pole, bait, auger and awl. The pressure of responsibility

                chisels at the surface                       creates a hole

where you could drop your weapons         while an ocean awaits to salt your wounds.

                                                The portal seduces your ID.

You bend down to check it out, admire the sparkling surface of broken ice.

A white snowy owl, a yellow-eyed ghost, swoops over you and drops a lemming at your feet.

Startled, you slip and fall in

                                                                floundering as you ponder

                                                                the reasons to be saved

you peer upward to capture your worth in the sun’s refracting.

Trapped now                                      will you call out to your Mother

                                                                or gawk at your own reflection

                                                                as the ice slowly melts you out to sea?

The owl doesn’t linger,

                                                                utters no sound,

cocks his head, flips his wings at you                                                         gone

Kay L Cook was raised in the Midwest and is a long time New Yorker. As a gay parent in a racially diverse family, she focuses much of her writing on racial issues, the need for systemic changes, and individual responsibility. Her formal background and degrees lie in education and psychology. Her poetry has appeared in various publications including Wild Roof Journal, Poets Reading the News, The Closed Eye Open, and The Elevation Review.

Jo Urtasun

XIRIMIRI

1

like a ravine                          
                 turns
delta                                       
                turns
sea                                          
                  turns
ocean                                     

2

holds the hem of sky
seeking itself in the pleat

3

as night rusts
the spume surface

dishonest as patina

4

like the syllable-hop
in
finite and infinite

what
                                            errs

5

la mar
el mar

the only noun                                              

                                         that is not fixed

6

writing water
is like gathering
in a
sieve

7

groynes are slashes
sober breaks

poem—currents
refusing to be still
translucently quiet

never anchored always
brimming
over margins
and sand and the fullstop

8

a jagged map-
edge
rib-
bed
corrosion of shore-
line
transparent
border—crossing—threshold

9

why try to topograph a saline breath?

Jo Urtasun is a poet and translator who grew up between the Basque Country and the UK. She recently completed her MFA in Poetry and Literary Translation at Columbia University. Her work has been published or is forthcoming in The London Magazine, Anthropocene Poetry Journal, Some Kind of Opening and No, Dear Magazine, among others. She is currently based in New York.

Thaddeus Camp

Showers Point

Thaddeus Camp is a Tucson, AZ-based artist who paints, draws, and takes pictures. He teaches writing at the University of Arizona. Most days he toils away at art when he probably should be doing something else. His darkly satirical children’s book Things We Didn’t Tell You at the Time is available here.

Ery Caswell

walking / (in pieces through)

the forest was a kind of refuge / tender spirit stumbling in too-big human shoes / i can neither romanticize nor vilify my lonely queer childhood / but say trees had arms that could always hold me / oaks two human generation grandparents watching over / willows gently gathering soft gangly hiding places / i came to god through sadness & starlight pinpricking open / an acupuncture of my lonely queer childhood heart / that pondered in a child’s nascent yet ancient language / why am i here? / the God i heard about had little nice to say / always thrashing & punishing & threatening & to be good was to be afraid

                                                                                i walked: on paths marked by stone those before me had laid / so those after them would not be lost / of course i was lost / this world of artifice cul de sacs clair de lune on the middle class family piano / elementary school rooms where i learned abcs telling time & how to spell the word faggot / i built with letters and stories walls of text that would protect me / fell in love with magic / casted it until my mouth was full of moss & dampness & longing / why am i here? / i came to god where the edge of the manicured lawn met this forest / the one place of my lonely queer childhood where no one / not even the God i heard about / could watch

                                                                walks embarked with this kind of inner scripture / why am i here? / and the thought that came years later / why should i keep going? / could be understood as a pilgrimage of sorts / the pilgrimage of a lonely queer childhood / away from self to the shell of the world already built as is / back into self in the recesses of roots & winding streams & wise unending things that say / i would miss you very much / & for those years this voice became a god / part fiction part invention but mostly a calling found in small things / peep toads humming praises & all those quiet places i could sit at ease / on glacial rock or fallen tree basking / you belong here / & so faith

                                                went walking along beside me / too timid for the human world for a time / or perhaps i too timid to hold it dear enough to cross that line / back to the edge where bed of dead oak leaves surrenders into blades of grass / for if i contained multitudes there it would be too painful a house / this body with its want for love and its knowing God / and a lonely queer child is on some level knowing you are already banished / and so i laid out stones behind / for those pieces / why am i here? / to come following finding me / magic in their mouth & pockets spilling with love & god / trickling as water between their fingers waiting / for a day i could welcome them

home

Ery Caswell is a queer public librarian, emerging writer, and forest fairy from the woods of New England. His writing has been published or is forthcoming in Beyond Words Literary Magazine, Dreamers Creative Writing, Waxing & Waning: A Literary Journal, Quartz Literary, and Hippocampus Magazine. Find writing prompts and library shenanigans on his Instagram @msst_ery.

John McEachern

Warbler Neck

The morning strikes a ceremonial pose, its weather nodding backwards like fetal gill slits towards a line of blurred ancestors — the grey, cloudy shadows of March, the always-just-warming breezes of April, rustling now through near-grown leaves of blackjack oak. I am standing near the start of the Choate Mine trail, a 1.7-mile loop that guides hikers from an inconspicuous gravel parking lot on the side of a two-lane country road, back through one of the rarest, most beautiful ecosystems in North America — the serpentine barrens of Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area.

Located in Owings Mills, Maryland, Soldiers Delight is unlike any other natural location that I have visited on the east coast. The park lies atop a large deposit of serpentinite, a type of magnesium-rich, greenish rock formed hundreds of millions of years ago at the bottom of an ancient sea, then thrust up to the surface by slow-motion collisions between the earth’s tectonic plates. Weathered over time by deep cycles of wind and water and ice, the serpentinite of Soldiers Delight has broken down into a thin, rocky, and nutrient-poor soil that is significantly less hospitable to plant life than that which supports the region’s more familiar deciduous hardwood forests. Instead, the sparse soil, combined with a regimen of natural and human-managed fires, has resulted in the landscape at Soldiers Delight being dominated by thickets of stunted oak and juniper, communities which would seem more at home in Texas than Maryland, as well as rolling hills of wide-open grassland — a hidden slice of big sky country right in the middle of Baltimore County.

I first heard about Soldiers Delight late in the fall of 2019, when a geology professor that I was working for as a teacher’s assistant brought in a sample of the park’s unique substrate for a lab on soil chemistry. Intrigued by the greenish color of the rocks in the sample and the professor’s descriptions of serpentine geology, I intended to check the place out during the spring but was prevented from doing so when the pandemic sent me back home to Connecticut early. I finally got around to a visit in September of that year, when school reopened, and found that the wait had been well worth it — by the end of the semester, I was visiting Soldiers Delight practically every week, reveling in the unique seasonal changes and variations of an ecosystem that was entirely new to me. In the spring, I continued to visit just as frequently, the solitude and outdoor destination guaranteeing a safe and enjoyable thing to do even as many classes and other school activities remained socially distanced or virtual. Today, I am here once again to walk the now familiar trails — and to say goodbye to this place for the foreseeable future.

The month is May, the year 2021 — in just a few days, I will be graduating from college. After that, I will go back home to Connecticut, and perhaps eventually someplace else for work, but either way, I probably won’t be returning to northern Maryland or to Soldiers Delight anytime soon. The idea of my relationship with this place ending, of this whole part of my life ending, makes me nervous. I have never been very fond of change and endings in particular are difficult — as natural cutoff points in the stories we tell ourselves about our lives, they force reflection on the past, the present, the future, how things could have been, and how they might never be. There is value in this sort of reflection, as many of my teachers have been trying to tell us over the past few weeks, but I have a recent, not-especially-pleasant history of ruminating a little too much on these sorts of things and am still a bit skittish around anything that seems like it could return me to that place. I am here today at Soldiers Delight because I know that I will regret it if I don’t visit one more time, but in doing so, I am breaking a rule that I set for myself several weeks back — namely, not to begin any of my goodbyes until the last possible moment, to live as much as possible in the present.

Of course, the exception is rather easy to make and to justify. In addition to the obvious logistical challenges with waiting for the last minute to say goodbye to a whole ecosystem, my plans for the morning do not involve anything especially different from what I usually do when I come here. Although it is perhaps best known for hosting a number of rare plants endemic to the Mid-Atlantic serpentine barrens, the biological wonders that have most attracted me to Soldiers Delight are its birds. Within its boundaries, the park contains many different habitats, from typical east coast forests of oak and hickory to wide open fields of grass and prairie flowers; from thick oak-juniper scrublands to muddy, creek-side maple forests. The transition zones between these habitats host the rich diversity of birdlife typical of such areas, while the forests and grasslands and creeks themselves are home to sparser communities of more specialized and often rarer species. All I plan to do today is simply walk the Choate Mine trail, which takes one through just about all the habitat types that Soldiers Delight has to offer, watching and listening to the birds and, in checking them off my list, silently saying my goodbyes.

The trail starts in a forest of oak, juniper, and pine where, hidden deep in a thick understory of green briar and the scattered glare of 07:30-sun, a chorus of spring birds lets loose with a program of seasonal hits. A pair of black-and-white warblers, recent arrivals from wintering grounds potentially as far south as Peru, duel for technical superiority at a song which sounds something like the squeak of a wettened finger rubbing against the side of a glass. A red-breasted nuthatch, generally rare in Maryland, has been reporting its wry, nasally yank-yank call from just out of sight in this thicket since late March. Carolina chickadees, tufted titmice, and northern cardinals, all year-round residents that spent their winters here, take a break from the foraging frenzy required to keep alive in the colder months to sing of territorial dominance, of the desire for a mate, perhaps sometimes of nothing but the warmth of the sun on their backs. Finally, as I approach the middle of the thicket, its host begins to repeat his annual instructions: drink…your…TEA! Standing still for a moment to listen, I mutter my own traditional response back at the towhee — “don’t tell me what to do!”

As I emerge from the forest and onto a scrubby grassland, the chorus of birds fades behind me — of all the habitats at Soldiers Delight, the barrens themselves tend to host the fewest species. Those that do call this part of the park home, however, are also some of the most interesting, since they are usually adapted specifically to nest in scrub habitats and are therefore less likely to be seen in the forests, farms, and human settlements that dominate the rest of the region. Trudging on beneath the rising heat of the midmorning sun, I keep my ears open for one species in particular, a lovely migratory songbird called the prairie warbler, which I have come to associate with this place more than any of the others. With the general decline in scrubby habitats in the eastern United States over the past few decades, these birds, which require them to breed, have become a bit rarer, leaving places like Soldiers Delight as important refugia. In fact, I had never actually seen a prairie warbler before a few months ago, when I followed a rapidly rising, high-pitched and buzzy song to its source and discovered it belonged to a warbler rather than a field sparrow as I had originally thought. I watched through my binoculars as the bird hopped rapidly through the still-bare branches of a stunted oak, likely on the hunt for cold-stretching insects, and tried to wrap my head around the reality of its bright yellow and sharply-black-streaked plumage before it disappeared deeper into the brush.

Walking out onto the barren this morning, it isn’t long before I hear the same insectoid scales emanating from the thickets around me, but when I raise my binoculars to try and actually spot the singer, I find that he is well-hidden among the nearly full-grown late spring leaves. But no matter — this is only the first of several spots along the trail where I regularly see prairie warblers, and the day is still young. In the meantime, in addition to several field sparrows and a few eastern towhees, I manage to spot another obligate scrub dweller — an optically striking white-eyed vireo foraging busily in the undergrowth. Then, arriving at Red Run, I stop for a while to admire the aerial acrobatics of a small group of eastern wood-pewees as they hunt for flying insects from perches on wise old sycamores that lean over the creek. In the oak-hickory forest just uphill, I watch as a large pileated woodpecker bobs off gracefully between the trees and, back on the barrens below, a male blue-grey gnatcatcher glares down at me from beneath his characteristic angry unibrow.

The prairie warblers, however, remain cryptic, singing from deep in the thickets and high in the trees, but never allowing me to get a glimpse of them until I am nearly at the end of the loop. Then, just past the abandoned entrances to a few old chromium mines that lend the trail its name, I spot a small flash of yellow among the branches of a nearby Virginia pine, identified a second later in the delayed illumination of a warbler’s song. Raising my binoculars, I train them on a few different gaps in the maze of branches and needles near the one where the bird first appeared. There is more shadowy movement and momentary flashes of color, along with regular repetitions of the song, but still no glimpse of the full bird. Sensing that this may be my last chance of the day to see this particular sight, I decide to keep looking, craning my neck until it begins to ache with a slight sort of pain familiar enough to birders that it has been given the name “warbler neck,” due to the penchant that these tiny, high-canopy-loving birds have for inducing it. Resisting the urge to stop and stretch, I scour the bundles and spaces and shadows that make up the interior of the tree until, like a word repeated too many times, it loses the focus of reality and I begin to feel a familiar combination of annoyance and disappointment, one which I have often felt before when a carefully-planned goodbye runs into an inconvenient obstacle. Both grow in intensity as the minutes pass, until they approach the space of bitterness.

I am surprised by the intensity of my reaction to this seemingly minor turn of events. Why is it, I suddenly begin to wonder, that seeing this bird directly is so important to me? After all, it’s not like I have absolutely nothing to show for my efforts to find one today — even the small flashes of color that have made up my only sightings so far are better than one often gets when bird watching and the bird’s song, which I think of as just as much a symbol of Soldiers Delight as seeing the warbler itself, has been woven throughout the whole day. In fact, I’ve seen and heard a lot of birds today that I would consider important parts of my understanding of this place and its wildlife, from the towhee to the field sparrow. Now, it’s getting late, and I have other commitments to attend to this afternoon — so why have I spent the last fifteen minutes trying to get the perfect look at this one species?

Perhaps as a result of spending the last week studying for biology finals, the explanation I come up with first is an evolutionary one. Humans are, for the most part, highly visual creatures, a characteristic which, at least among mammals, makes us rather unique. Humans, as well as most other derived primates, have forward-facing, closely-spaced eyes that give us excellent depth perception, and brains with comparatively large regions devoted to processing visual information. While most mammals have only two kinds of color receptors (or cones), we have three, which may have given our distant, tailed and tree-dwelling ancestors an important advantage in locating fruit and determining its ripeness. These features of our biology, along with our comparative lack of ability with respect to our other senses, have led humans and other primates to develop a way of experiencing and coming to understand the world around us that necessarily emphasizes the visual, an emphasis which is reflected in common phrases like “a picture is worth a thousand words” or in its practical realization via books, reports, and manuals complemented by helpful graphs and diagrams. Insofar as the prairie warbler has become a symbol of my relationship with Soldiers Delight, perhaps this is the reason why I don’t feel like I can end that relationship without getting one last good look at one — to do so would be to ignore a major part of how I have constructed this place and its significance in my head.

This theory has the same advantage that any armchair evolutionary explanation for a specific human behavior has, that being a connection to, if not the direct experimental backing of, a well-supported branch of empirical science. At the same time, it also retains a common problem with these sorts of explanations in that it explains a substantial, but nonetheless singular, trend in what turns out to be a complex web of everyday human experiences. There are a number of people, for one, who have trouble seeing or simply cannot see at all, and who therefore do not construct their understanding of the world primarily through sight. What’s more, even though humans who can see do generally rely pretty heavily on sight, this is not so much to the detriment of our other senses that perceptions of the world mediated by hearing, touch, or smell cannot also produce intense and valued meaning. Imagine, for example, if the sensational landscape of my search for a prairie warbler was reversed — if I were getting clear glimpses of warblers left and right throughout my whole walk, but never heard one. Would I not still be standing here, waiting a quarter of an hour in breathless anticipation for this particular bird to sing?

I am reminded of my Papa and the last time I visited him at the hospice where he lived for the last few months of his life. Shortly before he died of lung cancer in the fall of 2018, I was lucky enough to be able to take the train up to Boston and say goodbye. One of the things I remember most vividly about that day was how difficult it seemed to be for my Papa to speak and how little of the talking he did as a result. For context, my Papa was a soft-spoken but extremely talkative man. He was known for telling long, gently arching stories, with inciting incidents and rising actions that gave no clue whatsoever as to where the story was going, only to tie it all together into an always surprising, amusing, or at least somewhat interesting resolution. Most of the times that I have approached and struck up a conversation with a stranger have been after spending a week with my Papa and seeing him do it so often that it no longer felt like a big deal. I loved my Papa a lot and I don’t think that there is anything in the world that I would have traded for the opportunity to see him that last time — except, perhaps, for a goodbye in which I could also hear the comforting cadence of his voice telling one more long-winded, strangely satisfying story.

But why stop there? My relationship with my Papa was about much more than just listening to his stories. If I were to design a truly perfect goodbye, it would involve so much more, from the feeling of one more smoocha (a family “Italian” word referring to a combination raspberry-kiss performed by a man with a mustache) to the smells of cooking one more meal of pasta and sausage and meatballs with him and my Noni.

And what about my friends at school? A perfect goodbye in their case would surely involve more than a face-to-face meeting and a hug (simple conditions which COVID may still render impossible) — it would involve one more night of playing cards, one more long after-meal conversation, one more lab period of stupid banter over a half-dissected lamprey. I would be able to let them know how much their friendship means to me and how sorry I am for that one stupid thing I said a few years back that they probably don’t even remember. All in all, the perfect end to these sorts of intricately woven relationships would require carefully tying each and every loose end and cutting so that nothing hangs over unresolved — a feat which, I think, is almost certainly not possible. What we are saying goodbye to is just too big for any embrace to reach fully and satisfactorily around it.

My relationship with the warblers of Soldiers Delight, of course, is nowhere near as complex as those I have with my Papa or my college friends. Altogether, it seems to contain only two crucial elements — the expansive song of the prairie warbler and a clear glimpse of the bird itself, shining in the mid-morning sun. The relationship is simple, and yet I still find myself unable to say what I believe to be a proper farewell, as I crane my neck, trying to shove the realities of another independent mind into the neat, narrow structure of a satisfying story.

So, after a while, I give up and stop trying — the warbler has flown deeper into the undergrowth and it seems unlikely that I will be able to spot it again. I turn around, still a little disappointed, and walk out towards the parking lot, letting its song slowly fade behind me. Arriving at my car, I pause for a moment. I really do have to leave soon, but figuring that I have already infused more attempts at ceremony into the day than originally intended, I decide to close my eyes and listen, trying for one last impression of this place to hold onto as I leave it behind.

It is almost noon, and even now, at the height of breeding season, most of the birds have called it quits on their daily performance to rest or forage for food. Still, a few take occasional breaks from their daily chores to send a few bars out through the midday stillness. The grasshopper trill of a field sparrow rises with the roadtop heat back up towards their shared source in the sun. A northern mockingbird, sitting up on top of a power line, bounces through an organized series of discrete meters, tempos, and keys that resembles a Sondheim breakdown song. From the direction of the thicket, a pair of cardinals check in on each other with a constant string of concerned chips! A gentle wind huffs and the grass rattles and the leaves whisper slight runs over vamping chords of hidden cicadas. From somewhere high above comes the show-biz cry of a red-tailed hawk.

It’s beautiful. And it’s very mundane. The songs are many — but not all of them. For just a moment, they fill my senses and then they are quickly diluted, splashed thoroughly by present after present. I regain my focus a few times, manage to gather it all back together, and take a few more closed-eye pictures before letting my mind wander again.

The chorus is sliced through by the slam of the car door, and from the connection between bluetooth and phone there rises the tin whistle-topped opening chord of a Dropkick Murphys song. Turning out of the parking lot in the direction of campus, I drive off down the road, out beneath a big, open sky.

John McEachern is a wildlife technician and writer from Hamden, Connecticut. His work has appeared previously in Wild Roof Journal and Humans and Nature Press Digital. He also posts regular field notes and tangents on his personal blog, A Vinyl County Almanac. In addition to writing, John enjoys playing the banjo, reading, and bird watching.

Nick Mass

Angel

Nick Mass is a multimedia artist from Buffalo, NY. Self-described as a “Rapper, Painter, Creative, dude,” he tries to express himself in any way he can. His involvement in many of the various scenes in Buffalo has been an influence on his fascination with the connectivity of a life’s pieces. Nick is currently studying fine arts at Niagara County Community College with plans to transfer to a four-year university. Through his work he explores themes of confused emotions, mental health, sexuality, connectivity, and the building of life through repetition, brick by brick.

eric morris

dream about a bug that doesn’t exist

wed, sep 14, 2022

i tell her, just before she stepped into the car                         ‘watch out for the rose petal mantis’

& there, in the crate on the backseat floor, were three praying mantises

                two colored off-white                       like crumpled paper         & the other velvet green

the two off-white mantises shook their wings        i point to the crate            ‘watch’                  origami roses made of newsprint unfurl from their abdomens     splatters of magenta ink staining the columns       ‘that’s what’s so special it’s how they communicate                  

how they impress us.’

eric morris is a sensitive soul from the Midwest currently existing in Hopkinsville, KY. They hold a B.A. in English from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln with work appearing in Laurus, BUBBLE, Stanchion, and Embryo Concepts.

Judith Zelis

For the girl from the house of stern walls

Tickle the brambles
as you search
for wild berries,
and
plump, sweet fruits
will fill your palms.
Here,
dreams rise
on the breath of damselflies
and crickets sing your name.
Chicory
and queen Anne’s lace
join hand over hand
to lift you
from your world’s
shrug of indifference.
Here,
little wood satyr,
you are welcome
to wear your eyes
on your wings.

Judith Zelis rediscovered the solace of the natural world and writing in her sixties. Her poetry has appeared in Tiny Seed Literary Journal, Farmer-ish, and Snapdragon, among other publications.

Tammy Greenwood

Left to the Sun

We watch the sparrow
weave its way

through needles
of the cholla cactus tree,

her wreathed nursery
balanced between scaffold barbs,

touched only by rays of the sun.
Each spring we decipher

wildflowers from weeds,
deciding — if it blooms, it stays.

The last to remain
are the fiddleneck and nettle

with their bristled skin,
not even chosen for a vase,

their stems lean
like lovers towards the light.

And for a moment
we don’t consider the world

with all its thorned, its untouched.
We leave them to the sun.

Poet and printmaker Tammy Greenwood is a Louisiana native residing in California. Her work is heavily influenced by the varying landscape and culture of both states she calls home. Since graduating from California State University, San Bernardino, she continues her studies while working on her upcoming book of poetry. Her work appears in or is forthcoming in Door is a Jar, ONE ART, Hyacinth Review, Rust & Moth, Orange Blossom Review, San Pedro River Review, Under the Radar, California Quarterly, Poetry South, Emerge Literary Journal, FERAL, and elsewhere.

Sara Baker Michalak

Sara Baker Michalak has exhibited her mixed media artworks widely, including at the American Craft Museum in New York; both the Burchfield Penney and Albright Knox galleries in Buffalo, New York; the International Small Art Show in Atlanta, Georgia; and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Her studio rests on the banks of the Canadaway Creek in western New York, where she propagates native wildflowers. She earned her BFA from Rochester Institute of Technology’s School of American Crafts and her MA in Interdisciplinary Studies (Humanities/Geoscience) from SUNY Fredonia, NY.

Jon Lawrence

You Are Gone

As in, the fibrous light half an inch from a star.
As in, the metallic tang of winter’s exhaust.
As in, the sliver of bark untouched by flame’s tongue.

          The tongue’s buds caked in death-by-salt.
          The floundering rose petals in a sea of grave.
          The free radical leaping from a hot pan.

                   smell of freezer burn like a cloud,
                   echoes hanging in a northeast valley,
                   wounds of tomato skin pierced from a rabbit’s tooth,

                                  kiss’s smack echoing off macadam
                                  jaded as a sun-tanned wrapper I am

                                                              rust crumbling
                                                              like wafer
                                                              while the
                                                              tall grass

                                               eats          the          truck          bed.

Jon Lawrence currently teaches high school English and Creative Writing in his hometown of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He received an MFA in Creative Writing at the Maslow Family Graduate Program in Creative Writing at Wilkes University. His poetry and reviews have been published or are forthcoming from Newfound, American Writers Review, Tofu Ink Arts Press, and The Bangalore Review.

Benoît Tremblay

Hazy shades of winter

A (neo) abstract expressionist artist, Benoît Tremblay aka BENT was born in Montreal’s Southwest Borough in 1975. A self-taught person, he took a course of Art & Communications 3 years in a row in high school, but still happily sees himself as an anti-academic artist. His influences are as wide as a thousand colours you might place on a palette at the same time. From Pollock to Basquiat, via Asger Jorn, Lee Krasner, Gil Joseph Wolman and philosophers like Debord, Vaneigem, Benjamin and Adorno, the painter BENT tries his best to create visual reflections that can disturb life through abstraction and visual poetry.

Michelle Nicolaysen

Fimbulwinter

Norse mythology tells of a fimbulwinter, a great winter without sun, lasting the three years preceding Ragnarok, destruction of the gods. The winter brings bitter frost, biting winds, and snow flying in every direction. Danes, Swedes and Norwegians still use the term to describe an unusually difficult winter, though I don’t know how people who slog through the miserable frozen months typical of Northern latitudes know when the weather deteriorates into a true fimbulwinter.

Every morning from November through April, my husband, Kem, spends several hours feeding livestock on our Wyoming ranch. On the very worst days, when he fights driving snow and subzero temperatures, he posts a meme from The Shining: a frozen Jack Nicholson, his eyes rolled back into his head, a caption reading, “The cows are fed.”

Though he could justifiably post it a couple of times a year, he reserves it for a single, particularly miserable storm. Last winter, he posted the meme a few days before Christmas, when the temperature gauge on his truck registered -36° and it took seven hours to do the three-hour job.

While brutal, December’s weather still fell within the normal range. When we’d run into fellow ranchers at the feed store, we’d swap drift sizes, wind speeds, getting stuck stories, all with a laugh, taking delight in our fortitude through severe weather.

As January piled storm on top of storm, The Shining meme lost its humor. Instead, Kem posted pictures of tractors barely visible through indiscriminate white as they cleared a path for the hay truck, teams of front loaders and plows clearing roads, tendrils of snow blowing across an endless, frozen horizon.

By then, when we’d run into other ranchers, our brows furrowed as we swapped stories of endless snow removal and morning feedings stretching into full-day jobs. Underlying it all was the worry we couldn’t yet voice: how long could this weather last, how much longer could we keep up our pace, get to our livestock, keep them alive? As if speaking the fear would invite the demon.

Instead, ranchers would summon oral histories, trying to find something akin to this year, an assurance that, as bad as this was, it had precedent. Maybe it was like the winter of 1983/84 when temperatures dropped below zero in December and didn’t warm until February. On top of the cold, heavy snow had fallen, blown around, socked everyone in.

It’s one of the worst winters locals can remember. Does that make it a fimbulwinter? Can a place have more than one fimbulwinter in living memory?

Our winter seemed to follow the ’83/84 pattern, with the same snows falling in subzero temperatures. I thought I could say with certainty that when temperatures plunge, it’s too cold to snow, but maybe, in spite of my sixteen winters here, I don’t know this place at all.

*

Above a certain latitude in the United States, we all specialize in one piece of fimbulwinter. In the Northeast, they have so much snow and ice they developed a scale measuring snow’s destruction the same way we measure hurricanes and tornadoes. Midwest cold is so deadly, Minneapolis provides climate-controlled skyways so pedestrians don’t have to step out into temperatures that are, on average, a full ten degrees colder than what I’m used to.

In Wyoming, we have wind. The guys on the ranch are careful to park their trucks facing into it, so when they open their doors a gust won’t rip them from their grip and break the hinges. It’s a mistake you only make once. I learned to buckle my kids in their car seats with one foot bracing the door so it wouldn’t blow shut on me. Another mistake you only make once.

Between us Northern folk, there’s camaraderie in winter’s misery, a sense that we’re tougher than those who live in temperate climates. Even more so for ranchers who don’t get snow days. The ungulate stomachs in cows and sheep act like a furnace, but we provide the feed to keep it stoked. Then there’s the matter of the smaller-bodied sheep who run up against a fence line in a storm, and if they don’t become smothered by the weight of the herd piling up behind them, will get buried under the drifting snow. Kem searches for the white sheep in the whiteout so he can cut the fence and drive them to safety.

A record-breaker several years ago dropped almost two feet of snow in early March. I drove the one-ton feed truck, following Kem in his pickup, with a ranch hand in the lead, cutting a path with a hay bale on the front of the tractor because the road grader had broken down. Inevitably, either Kem’s wheels or mine would slide off the path into the deep snow and the ranch hand would circle around to push us out.

Afterwards, drinking coffee in our kitchen, our cheeks still pink from exposure, we laughed about our hellish endeavor. We had a new story to swap with our neighbors. While the storm itself was a record-breaker, the entire winter was still within the normal range. We’re tough. We can muscle through a single bad storm.

*

By February we’d surpassed ’83/84. In measuring our experience against history, we’re asking by what metric we measure a fimbulwinter. If it’s cold, then the winter of 1933 takes it. Moran set a record low of

-66°, the lowest temperature the thermometers could measure. Is it cold and duration? That goes to the winter of 1979 when it didn’t get above zero for the entire month of January. Is it snowfall? That goes to the winter of 1955 when Sheridan set a state record of four feet falling in a single storm.

The winter of 1949 wasn’t the coldest winter, didn’t have the most snowfall or the strongest winds, but the combination of all three factors, and, most crucially, duration, made it a true fimbulwinter. The preceding December had been a little cold, but otherwise nothing to warrant serious complaint. A light snow began falling on January 2nd, but because predictions had been mild, people set out on highways and trains ran on schedule. Within a few hours, it had turned into a blizzard that lasted three days, stranding cars on interstates, bringing trains to a halt right on their tracks.

It took five days to clear the tracks and get the trains on their way, ten for the roads. Temperatures had risen above freezing after the storm, but it proved a cruel joke when they dropped again to below zero, turning the softened snow into concrete. Some drifts required dynamite.

The winds picked up, making roads impassable once again. We call these ground blizzards when wind whips up fallen snow into a whiteout, what I imagine when Norse myths describe snow coming from every direction.

What strikes me most about the blizzard of 1949 is its perplexing movement, behaving in ways meteorologists at the time couldn’t anticipate. The way it gathered strength, the way it travelled across the plains, defying the conventional wisdom and scientific models at the time.

Humans apparently have a primal need to create models telling us what to expect from nature. World mythology is filled with gods who die and are reborn according to seasonal fertility. In Egypt, Osiris’s death coincides with the Nile’s annual flooding and he’s reborn as wheat. Echoing Osiris, Dionysus dies by dismemberment and, in his rebirth, spreads wine-bearing vines across the world. If the dying/rising god motif reassures us in the face of dormant fields that crops will grow again, the fimbulwinter tells us to brace ourselves. There will come a time when all the familiar patterns break.

*

Our ranch lies on the edge of the Powder River Basin, a natural winter grounds for both wildlife and livestock. Within a few days after a heavy snowfall, Chinook winds arrive, melting snow and clearing pastures for grazing animals. While we faced big storms this winter, none had gone beyond what we deal with in normal years, but the warming Chinooks we count on didn’t come.

In February, we cleared routes to the feedground daily when a particularly merciless blizzard, even by Wyoming standards, compounded all our earlier snowfall. It arrived, coincidentally, on Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent when Christians around the world begin a period of fasting mimicking Jesus’ forty days in the wilderness.

Talking with my sister-in-law after the storm, she asked, “Is this what we need to prepare for?”

How do we know if we need to adapt because this is the weather this place will throw at us every year from now on, thanks to climate change, or whether it’s an aberration we’ll look back on, thankful we survived? We can’t, not for sure.

*

In Norse legend, only two people survive the fimbulwinter, and they go on to repopulate a restored world. Kem’s family has reel-to-reel footage from the summer of 1949, when the drifts finally melted, grainy black-and-white images of draws filled with dead sheep. The living heard, desperate for any kind of forage to fill their bellies, had stripped the wool off the backs of the dead. The winter left them with more than a single breeding pair, but still, it took years to build herd numbers back up.

By February of last year, Wyoming Woolgrowers started posting reminders to document the livestock losses. We had a few hundred sheep missing but hadn’t yet counted our dead. Kem found a bunch of thirty, skittish and shell-shocked, but alive and grateful for the bale he kicked out for them. We went about daily feeding and hoped for the best.

1949 had brought a mild, warm spring, and as our own drifts receded, part of me began to expect a repeat of history. By March, well-meaning, non-ranching friends would assure us that spring was “just around the corner.”

“Yep,” Kem would say through a strained smile. Later, when we were alone, he’d remind me that our biggest storms come in April.

He proved prescient when an early April blizzard shattered both our single-day and entire-storm snowfall records. As a fitting bookend to Ash Wednesday’s storm, this record-breaker arrived on the Monday of Holy Week, the final week of Lent as Christians prepare for Easter. The holiday celebrating Christ as the dying and rising God, triumphant over death, nicely grafted onto earlier Germanic celebrations of new life born in spring. Forget promises of eternity; we just hoped for a thaw.

Unlike most of the country, we don’t have flowers by Easter, but we have calves. We’d seen the first two on a morning in late February when temperatures didn’t rise above single digits, their survival a testament to tough genetics and good mothers.

By Easter morning, warming temperatures had begun to shrink the drifts, though the feedgrounds still remained snow blanketed, crosshatched by muddy animal trails and wide swaths where we’d fed the day before. As we pitched hay to the hungry momma cows, newborn calves swirled across the meadow in playful games and raced the feed truck.

In the following days, drifts receded, uncovering the carcasses of old ewes and cows, an unlucky calf here and there. As the first shoots of green grass broke through the muddy soil, we began to count our dead. In a normal year we might lose five rams; this year there were eighteen we never did find.

*

I need to know if this is a fimbulwinter so I can know what kind of story I’m telling. Do we repeat it at the feed store every winter with a laugh and a slap on the back or do we speak it in hushed tones in only the most difficult winters when we need to reassure ourselves that we can endure?

When I think of 1949 losses, or even ’83/84, it doesn’t feel like we can complain. Of course, it’s in hearing those stories, what worked and what didn’t, that we’ve learned to mitigate our losses. We can also thank advances in technology, but smart people improve technology by thinking over stories of failure. So really, it’s all just stories.

The scientific models tell us that this upcoming winter we’ll see heavier-than-normal snowfall. When I mentioned this to a ranch hand, he shrugged and said, “We won’t know what kind of winter we’ll have until March. Maybe April.”

We’ll prepare, stockpiling hay and maintaining snow removal equipment. And we’ll tell stories. We’ll laugh about the time Kem had to call me when he and the ranch hand both got their trucks stuck on the feedgrounds and I came to their rescue in the tractor. We’ll save the story about the poor ram with the big, beautiful horns who couldn’t get up when we cut a path to him, his back broken under heavy snow. We’ll take it out when things get really bad and we need a reminder that there’s life after fimbulwinter.

We’ll tell stories because, sometimes, it’s all you can do.

Michelle Nicolaysen has an MA in Religious Studies and now lives on a sheep and cattle ranch in central Wyoming. Her work has appeared in Sad Girls Club, The Examined Life Journal and Drunk Monkeys and elsewhere.

Nancy L Walsh

In Transit

Nancy L Walsh is an artist in photography-based digital art and fine art photography. She grew up in Roanoke, Virginia. She received her B.A. from the University of Notre Dame, where she took her first photography classes. She graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law, practiced law, then became a stay-at-home mom, throughout which her photography and art have been a constant.  Her images have appeared in numerous gallery exhibits, publications and art shows, and hang in many private collections throughout the U.S. and internationally. Website: www.NLWalshPhotoArt.com / Instagram: @LensInvincibility_NLWalsh

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